When configuring a largeContentImage or adjustsImageSizeForAccessibilityContentSizeCategory, it is important to use a pdf asset and preserve the vector data so the icons are crisp at any size.
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You should convey important information in multiple modes, not just color. If you are still required to do so, at the very least you should complement that info with other modes, like symbols, if the user requested differentiation without color.
Since iOS 14, you can get a human readable localised name for a UIColor, with a very useful property called accessibilityName, that you can use in accessibility attributes like labels or values. How cool is that? https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uicolor/accessibilityname
Manual testing is crucial. And therefore, reducing friction to let you start your testing process can be a huge help. Selecting some accessibility shortcuts will do that, putting most of iOS' accessibility features at a triple-click of a button.
