Very often we need to show a UISwitch preceded with a UILabel that explains what it does. The text in the label is basically the accessibility label for the switch. Ideally we want for both components to be grouped behave as a UISwitch. It makes much easier to understand what the switch does, compared to having two separate accessible components. There is a number of ways you can do that. One of them is to use a container view and proxy the switch accessibility attributes.

It is possible to change the traversing order of accessibility elements by configuring the accessibilityElements array. You should try to avoid it, but one good reason for doing it is if the default order is illogical because of the visual layout.

By its name, I misunderstood what shouldGroupAccessibilityChildren does the first time I saw it. It can be used for VoiceOver to traverse all items in a view before moving to the next one, instead of grouping as in combining those elements. VoiceOver traverses elements in the natural reading order, from left to right, top to bottom, in left-to-right languages. Sometimes data is displayed in columns, so that order might not be the most logical one. https://developer.apple.com/documentation/objectivec/nsobject-swift.class/shouldgroupaccessibilitychildren

This is a small trick I use to compose complex accessibility labels/values when, for a UI component, some elements might not be in all its instances. An array of optional Strings, compact map, and join all elements by a separator, like a comma.

If both screenChanged and layoutChanged notifications signal changes in the UI and allow you to move VoiceOver's focus somewhere else, what's the difference? To the user, screen changed plays a sound indicating them they got moved to a new screen.

It can help to alert the user of something that happened, in a part of the screen that is not currently on focus, and that is not important enough to disrupt the user by moving VoiceOver’s focus to a different place. It can be useful to announce certain messages like errors or long running tasks that have finished (i.e. a download that finished) or with custom notifications and snack bars.

Sometimes, you change your app's UI to offer more options as a result of a user's action. And in such cases, it might be a good idea to move VoiceOver's focus to these new options. We can do that by sending a layout changed notification.

Even when setting a view as modal for accessibility, you may notice that VoiceOver's focus stays in the same place, instead of moving to the presented view. You can post a screen changed notification and pass the view that should get the focus.

When presenting a UI component that overlays the existing UI, you may have found that VoiceOver starts to randomly jump between the overlaid UI and the elements underneath. To avoid that, you can set its accessibilityViewIsModal to true. When setting the accessibilityViewIsModal to true for a view, VoiceOver will ignore its sibling views, treating it as if it was a modal. Useful when presenting custom popups, popovers, modals, action sheets, etc. https://developer.apple.com/documentation/objectivec/nsobject-swift.class/accessibilityviewismodal

What is the difference between isAccessibilityElement and accessibilityElementsHidden? The first one makes the view not accessible, but its subviews can still be accessible. The second one hides the view and all its subviews from assistive tech.

If you need for a view (and all its subviews) not to be focusable by assistive tech like VoiceOver, you can set its accessibilityElementsHidden property to true. This isn't needed very often, but it can be useful for certain custom experiences.

The Accessibility APIs are generic and flexible. They're not just for VoiceOver. If you implement them right, you can do it once and it will very likely work great for VoiceOver, Voice Control, Switch Control, Full Keyboard Access, and more. That's why, to start with, we tend to focus on VoiceOver, the same way you may focus on keyboard navigation for the web. A great VoiceOver experience will get you most of the way to a good experience with the other assistive technologies. We've seen one example with Custom Actions. One implementation works for: VoiceOver: https://x.com/dadederk/status/1550099327053451266 Switch Control: https://x.com/dadederk/status/1551236244088279040 Full Keyboard Access: https://x.com/dadederk/status/1551874732504629249 And Voice Control: https://x.com/dadederk/status/1552253520182640645 Of course that doesn't mean you don't have to test and check how the experience is with the other technologies. But before feeling overwhelmed, or for small teams, making sure your app works for VoiceOver is a great start.