An accessibility trait is the role of the component. Among other things, it gives the user information on how they can interact (or not) with it. When using VoiceOver, the trait is usually (not always) read after the accessibility label. At the time of writing this tweet, there are 18 different accessibility traits: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiaccessibilitytraits Some examples are: button, header, selected, adjustable or not enabled.

Do you have a fancy custom loading animation instead of an UIActivityIndicatorView? You may want to check if it has an accessibility label so a VoiceOver user knows that something is happening. Something like "In progress" or "Loading" could work.

You can check if some features, like VoiceOver, are on. Experiences should not diverge too much. It could be used to avoid auto-hiding UI elements. iOS probably checks this to show search fields by default, without having to pull them down. From the documentation: isVoiceOverRunning: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiaccessibility/isvoiceoverrunning

Tip for abbreviations. Something like "3h 24m" will be read by VoiceOver as "3 h 24 meters". Formatters can help. DateComponentsFormatter with a "spellOut" units style will give you a more suitable label: "three hours, twenty-four minutes" Example code in the image: ```swift let dailyAverageLabel = UILabel() let abbreviatedReadableFormatter = DateComponentsFormatter() abbreviatedReadableFormatter.allowedUnits = [.hour, .minute] abbreviatedReadableFormatter.unitsStyle = .spellOut let abbreviatedReadableDuration = abbreviatedReadableFormatter.string(from: 12240) dailyAverageLabel.accessibilityLabel = abbreviatedReadableDuration ``` Some useful links: * Date Components Formatter: * Units Style: By the way! Formatters are also great for localisation.

Accessibility labels are not just for VoiceOver. If you tweak how they sound by changing spelling, adding spaces, etc. you could be making the experience worse for Voice Control and Braille display users. Attributed accessibility labels can help.

With the attribute accessibilitySpeechPunctuation, you can ask VoiceOver to speak any punctuation marks in your attributed accessibility label, if that is what you want. Good for code snippets?

accessibilitySpeechSpellOut asks VoiceOver to speak the sequence of characters. Can be useful for things like promo/reference/authentication codes, phone numbers... it makes more sense to announce each character rather than words and big numbers. Example code in the image: ```swift let codeLabel = UILabel() let attributedLabel = NSAttributedString( string: "BAC1234567D", attributes: [.accessibilitySpeechSpellOut: true] ) title.accessibilityAttributedLabel = attributedLabel ```

accessibilitySpeechPitch lets you emphasise something changing VoiceOver's pitch. The value goes from 0.0 to 2.0. The default is 1.0. Twitter could change pitch to read hashtags, for example, avoiding repetition but still signalling they're there.

accessibilitySpeechIPANotation is useful for indicating how foreign words are pronounced. It really annoys me to hear the word paella constantly mispronounced 😁. You could also specify language, but this way, VoiceOver won't change its voice. Example code in the image: ```swift let recipeNameLabel = UILabel() let attributedLabel = NSAttributedString( string: "Paella", attributes: [.accessibilitySpeechIPANotation: "pɑːˈeɪə"] ) recipeNameLabel.accessibilityAttributedLabel = attributedLabel ```

accessibilitySpeechIPANotation is sometimes handy in English where a word is spelled the same but pronounced differently depending of the context. Some examples are: live, read... Or you may want to correct how VoiceOver pronounces your app's name! Example code in the image: ```swift let liveNewsChannelView = UIView() let attributedLabel = NSMutableAttributedString(string: "24 hour news channel. ") attributedLabel.append(NSAttributedString(string: "Live",attributes: [.accessibilitySpeechIPANotation: "laɪv"])) liveNewsChannelView.accessibilityAttributedLabel = attributedLabel ```

An interesting speech attribute for attributed accessibility labels is accessibilitySpeechIPANotation that lets you specify how VoiceOver should pronounce a label with the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) notation. https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nsattributedstring/key/accessibilityspeechipanotation

Attributed accessibility labels are a thing! They'll let you specify (for the whole accessibility label or a portion of it) VoiceOver's language, to read punctuation marks, spell it out, correct the pronunciation, or even change the pitch. @RobRWAPP has a very detailed blog post explaining each one of these attributes: https://mobilea11y.com/blog/attributed-accessibility-labels/ And here's Apple's official documentation for them: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/speech-attributes-for-attributed-strings